SSRN paper in preparation

A full write-up of this twelve-study review is being prepared for SSRN. The studies and results below are complete.

Research review · López de Prado

López de Prado, Reproduction & Review

A from-scratch reproduction and at-scale extension of Marcos López de Prado's methods across crypto, US equities and forex, every empirical claim gated by the Deflated Sharpe Ratio

This is a reproduction-and-extension program built from scratch around the methods in Marcos López de Prado's Advances in Financial Machine Learning and the surrounding papers, information-driven bars, fractional differentiation, financial labeling and cross-validation, ensembles and feature importance, portfolio construction, causal factors, predictive features, and bet sizing. Each study reproduces the original claim on a controlled benchmark, then re-runs it at scale on real, fully-costed, no-look-ahead data spanning crypto, US equities and forex, with every empirical headline gated by the Deflated Sharpe Ratio.

The honest through-line is simple: almost nothing clears deflated significance anywhere , which is precisely López de Prado's thesis, while several of his methodological claims reproduce cleanly: the activity clock really does thin the tails, fractional differencing really does keep the memory, bagging really does generalize where boosting does not, and a confounder really can manufacture a factor out of nothing. These are methodology results, not money results, and they are framed that way throughout.

The review, in numbers

12
Studies reproduced
from scratch, then at scale
42
Instruments
crypto · US equities · FX
1.2M+
Strategy-windows
walk-forward, across the studies
14
Works referenced
López de Prado & foundational
17.1k
Lines of code
the review's codebase

Code & data

github.com/DaruFinance/lopez-de-prado-work-review

12 studies · 3 asset classes

Every claim deflated

real, fully-costed, no-look-ahead data

The studies

datafeatmodeltestgate
assembly line · separable roles → disclosure gate
Capstone

Meta-Strategy Organization

The assembly-line model, specialized, separable research roles plus mandatory disclosure of every trial, as the structural antidote to the lone-quant backtest search.

DSRSR*
E[max SR] null · best < DSR threshold
study 01

Backtest Overfitting & the Deflated Sharpe Ratio

Across ~92,500 real strategies in crypto, equities and forex, the best beats its multiple-testing null in none.

fat tails → Gaussian · activity clock
study 02

Information-Driven Bars

Dollar / volume / tick bars Gaussianize returns in all three markets, granularity-dependent, and equities need session handling.

0.00.51.00.98FFD0.01ret
corr w/ price level · FFD vs returns
study 03

Fractional Differentiation

Fixed-width fractional differencing keeps ~0.98 correlation with the price level, versus ~0.01 for plain returns.

testtrainpurge
purged + embargoed k-fold
study 04

Labeling & Cross-Validation

k-fold leakage scales with the ratio of label horizon to fold size; meta-labeling is a precision filter, not alpha.

cost + DSR
feature signal < cost + deflation
study 05

Predictive Features

Structural-break / entropy / microstructure features carry weak signal that doesn't survive cost + deflation; a cheap proxy matches expensive order-flow data.

OOSbagboost4.8×
generalization · bagging ≈ 4.8× boosting
study 06

Ensembles & Feature Importance

Bagging generalizes ~4.8× better than boosting on 100% of 40 instruments; MDI is substitution-biased, MDA isn't.

−θ
OU mean-reversion · entry / exit bands
study 07

Trading Rules & Bet Sizing

Bet sizing cuts turnover 80–87% but adds no deflated edge; Triple-Penance AR(1) drawdown control is the validated win.

HRP dendrogram · block-diagonal corr
study 08

Portfolio Construction: HRP, NCO & Denoising

HRP / NCO beat raw Markowitz on out-of-sample variance; denoising's value is a function of q = T/N.

ZXY
confounder fork · backdoor X ← Z → Y
study 09

Causal Factor Investing

A confounder makes a null factor look significant 100% of the time; backdoor adjustment fixes it, and few real factors survive.

toverlap
overlapping labels · uniqueness weights
study 10

Sample Uniqueness & Sequential Bootstrap

Overlapping triple-barrier labels make observations non-IID; uniqueness weighting and sequential bootstrap restore the effective sample size before training.

DSR0single10/10x-sect
DSR: single-series 0 · x-section 10/10
study 11

Cross-Sectional ML

Trees clear deflation in the cross-section where single-series ML fails: lgbm survives the Deflated Sharpe on 10 of 10 horizons, the program's first DSR-surviving ML edge, approaching but not beating the best static archetype.

The selection-discipline theme that runs through this program is the same one behind The edge is in the process and the broader body of work at Research.